<html><body><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: #000000"><div>Hi Fred,</div><div><br data-mce-bogus="1"></div><div> <!--StartFragment--><div style="color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-style="color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">It more correct to say that dense, tall obstructions and severe terrain</div><div style="color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-style="color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">irregularities<span> </span>degrade the 6 dB of available ground reflection gain.</div><div style="color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-style="color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Of course the antenna radiation pattern is also affected but the effect</div><div style="color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-style="color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">isn't as significant as the degradation of available ground reflection gain.</div><!--EndFragment--> </div><div><br data-mce-bogus="1"></div><div>Obstructions don't cause significant degradation until they occupy about</div><div>5 percent of the reflection zone. About one building per acre causes</div><div>very slight degradation, degradation increases slowly with increased </div><div>housing density.</div><div><br data-mce-bogus="1"></div><div>In an environment with dense housing in the reflection zone, its</div><div>very effective to raise the antenna to at least twice the height</div><div>of the dense obstructions. Degradation is almost completely</div><div>eliminated with antenna height about four times the height of the</div><div>obstructions.</div><div><br data-mce-bogus="1"></div><div>Steel buildings (industrial buildings, hotels, apartment buildings)</div><div>cause significantly more degradation than wooden houses.</div><div><br data-mce-bogus="1"></div><div>73</div><div>Frank</div><div>W3LPL</div><div><br></div><hr id="zwchr" data-marker="__DIVIDER__"><div data-marker="__HEADERS__"><b>From: </b>"ncdxa" <ncdxa@ncdxa.org><br><b>To: </b>"ncdxa" <ncdxa@ncdxa.org><br><b>Sent: </b>Thursday, March 3, 2022 10:13:21 PM<br><b>Subject: </b>Re: [NCDXA] W3ICM Goals Met<br></div><div><br></div><div data-marker="__QUOTED_TEXT__"><div style="color:black;font:10pt 'arial'">Tnx Frank